Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Israel yang celaka...
Sekarang kita asyik mendengar sekatan israel yang dibuat ke atas gaza bagi melumpuhkan kota gaza dan juga membuatkan gaza terputus hubungan dengan dunia luar.. tindakan yang dibuat israel adalah sangat melampau dan mencetuskan kemarahan penduduk dunia terutama nya penganut agama islam di serata dunia.. kita malaysia tidak terkecuali menyuarakan bantahan terhadap israel.. tetapi apa bole buat.. israel tetap meneruskan tindakan mereka dengan menempatkan anggota komando mereka bagi menyekat bantuan disalurkan kepada gaza.. israel ni bole dikatakan bangsa yang tidak tahu malu.. mereka sebenarnya pelarian y menumpang di palestin.. tetapi di sebabkan mereka adalah orang2 yang pandai.. mereka berjaya menakluk bumi palestin sedikit demi sedikit.. sehingga lah sekarang.. palestin menjadi lebih kecil dari dahulu.. semua nya angkara bangsa israel yang celaka..
diatas adalh kawasan israel dan palestin yng dibuat pada tahun 1993.. cuba kita bayangkan pada thun 2020.. berapa banyak lagi kawasan palestin yang tinggal.. sedangkan dahulu nya israel tidak mempunyai kawasan langsung dan kawasan israel sekarang dahulu nya adalah milik palestin.. betapa kejam nya orang israel terhadap rakyat palestine terutamanya umat islam di sana.. jadi kita disini.. marilah kita bersam-sama mendoakan kesejahteraan rakyat palestine.. amin..
World Cup Fever!!!
Beberapa hari lagi akan menjelanglah piala dunia yang akan diadakan di afrika.. so, x kesa la klao student, worker mahupun ceo2 mnjadi pemalas untuk bgn bekerja atau pg ke kls.. ini semua disebabkan demam piala dunia.. tentu sekali semua orang sedang mencongak pasukan mana yang akan menjulang piala buat edisi kali ini.. here my Champion Wannabe list:
2.ARGENTINA
3.ITALY
1.BRAZIL
(pasukan terbaik buat masa sekarang)
2.ARGENTINA
(mempunyai pemain terbaik dunia.. 1 kelebihan)
3.ITALY
(sudah tentu untuk mempertahankan kejuaraan mereka)
4.ENGLAND
(mempunyai ramai pemain berstatus bintang)
5.SPAIN
(bakal memberi saingan yang sengit)
6.KOREA SELATAN
(pasukan terbaik asia)
7.MALAYSIA
(bile la agak nye nk ada lam senarai eh.. p slovakia pun, 11 kali kalah, 3 je mng.. come dude)
Buat pasukan2 lain.. PROVE ME WRONG.. hahaha..
(bile la agak nye nk ada lam senarai eh.. p slovakia pun, 11 kali kalah, 3 je mng.. come dude)
Buat pasukan2 lain.. PROVE ME WRONG.. hahaha..
Bersawang, bersepah, berselerak, berhabuk......
Salam.. fuhh.. dh lama x update blog.. ada la dalam sebulan lebih banyak kot.. hee.. semuanye disebabkan rasa malas nk taip email n masukkan password.. (kalau facebook boleh plak kn)... tambah plak xde sgt idea2 dalam kpala otak ni utk diperah msk lam blog.. tapi xpe.. masih lom ada niat nk tutup blog nih walaupun blog ni tercipta atas dasar assesment bg subjek outdoor recreation masa semester 2 rituh.. emm, ape lg eh nk taruk lam neh.. haa.. skunk aku ngah cuti sem.. 2 bulan beb.. rse mcm nk bwat semua benda.. keje, g melancong, lepak rumah, mkn mknn mak smpai jd belon, jumpe kawan2 lame, mcm2 lg lah.. tp sume tu tr stuck di sebabkan 1 benda jep.. keje.. waa.. gile keje.. tiap ari keje.. isnin smpai sabtu.. ahad je cuti.. mne cukup.. huk2.. dh adat bekerja kot enn.. eh2, tabole ker goyang kaki uma bgn lmbt tiap2 pg.. tp duit msk je lam bank.. hehe.. woke lah sahabat2.. smpai sni dlu lah repetan aku.. nk tido.. esk keje lagi.. :(
Monday, March 15, 2010
Kernmantle Ropes.
Kernmantle rope is rope constructed with its interior core (the kern) protected with a woven exterior sheath (mantle) that is designed to optimize strength, durability, and flexibility
Use as Climbing ropes
The nylon ropes that were used in yachts for hauling were tested and found useful in climbing and caving, and are now the modern standard. Although there are occasional innovations, the type of rope used today is similar in construction, strength, and durability across manufacturers. There are several major manufacturers, including Pigeon Mountain Industries or PMI, Mammut, Sterling, Beal, Edelweiss, Blue Water, Roca, and Maxim. Kernmantle ropes are still used in sailing and other sports, however the technical requirements are usually not as rigorous as in climbing since the applications are not as safety critical. Smaller kernmantle ropes are commonly called cordalette or accessory cord. They are often used to make prusik knots and loops or attaching accessories such as chalk bags.
One or more of the rope characteristics (strength, durability, and flexibility) are often altered somewhat, depending upon the ultimate use of the rope, at the expense of the other properties. For example, rope used in caving is generally exposed to more abrasion than other forms of recreation, so the mantle is woven more tightly than rope used in climbing or rappelling. However, the resulting rope is cumbersome and difficult to tie knots in.
Kernmantle construction may be used with both static and dynamic ropes. Static ropes are designed to allow relatively little stretch, which is most useful for hauling, rappelling, and other applications. Dynamic rope is used to belay climbers, and is designed to stretch under heavy load to absorb the shock of a fallen climber. Dynamic ropes manufactured for climbing are tested by the UIAA. This test involves tying an 80kg weight to the end of a length of rope. This weight is then dropped 5m on 2.7m of rope with the rope running over a rounded surface simulating that of a standard carabiner. This process is repeated until the rope breaks. It is a common misunderstanding to think that the number of drop test falls (as conducted by the UIAA) is the number of real-life climbing falls a rope can sustain before it becomes unsafe. The drop test falls are of extreme severity and it is not often that a real-life climbing fall generates a comparable force. This adds a margin of safety for the climbers who use such ropes.
Ropes Care
Kernmantle rope should be inspected before and after every use for any form of damage. "Boogers," which indicate internal damage to the kern, will appear as tufts of white threads poking out from the mantle. Ropes that have been severely stressed will have tapered sections to the rope, where it is visibly or palpably thinner. Rope that has been abraded or cut on sharp edges should be examined closely by an experienced user who may choose to cut the rope at that point, rather than risk it parting at that area.
Rope may be cleaned by forming it into a chain sinnet, to prevent excessive tangling, and washing it in a front-loading clothes washing machine with soap flakes. Strong cleansers, including bleach and detergent should not be used with life-critical Nylon components. Commercial rope cleaning devices are available from the climbing and rescue companies CMI and PMI.
Use as Climbing ropes
The nylon ropes that were used in yachts for hauling were tested and found useful in climbing and caving, and are now the modern standard. Although there are occasional innovations, the type of rope used today is similar in construction, strength, and durability across manufacturers. There are several major manufacturers, including Pigeon Mountain Industries or PMI, Mammut, Sterling, Beal, Edelweiss, Blue Water, Roca, and Maxim. Kernmantle ropes are still used in sailing and other sports, however the technical requirements are usually not as rigorous as in climbing since the applications are not as safety critical. Smaller kernmantle ropes are commonly called cordalette or accessory cord. They are often used to make prusik knots and loops or attaching accessories such as chalk bags.
One or more of the rope characteristics (strength, durability, and flexibility) are often altered somewhat, depending upon the ultimate use of the rope, at the expense of the other properties. For example, rope used in caving is generally exposed to more abrasion than other forms of recreation, so the mantle is woven more tightly than rope used in climbing or rappelling. However, the resulting rope is cumbersome and difficult to tie knots in.
Kernmantle construction may be used with both static and dynamic ropes. Static ropes are designed to allow relatively little stretch, which is most useful for hauling, rappelling, and other applications. Dynamic rope is used to belay climbers, and is designed to stretch under heavy load to absorb the shock of a fallen climber. Dynamic ropes manufactured for climbing are tested by the UIAA. This test involves tying an 80kg weight to the end of a length of rope. This weight is then dropped 5m on 2.7m of rope with the rope running over a rounded surface simulating that of a standard carabiner. This process is repeated until the rope breaks. It is a common misunderstanding to think that the number of drop test falls (as conducted by the UIAA) is the number of real-life climbing falls a rope can sustain before it becomes unsafe. The drop test falls are of extreme severity and it is not often that a real-life climbing fall generates a comparable force. This adds a margin of safety for the climbers who use such ropes.
Ropes Care
Kernmantle rope should be inspected before and after every use for any form of damage. "Boogers," which indicate internal damage to the kern, will appear as tufts of white threads poking out from the mantle. Ropes that have been severely stressed will have tapered sections to the rope, where it is visibly or palpably thinner. Rope that has been abraded or cut on sharp edges should be examined closely by an experienced user who may choose to cut the rope at that point, rather than risk it parting at that area.
Rope may be cleaned by forming it into a chain sinnet, to prevent excessive tangling, and washing it in a front-loading clothes washing machine with soap flakes. Strong cleansers, including bleach and detergent should not be used with life-critical Nylon components. Commercial rope cleaning devices are available from the climbing and rescue companies CMI and PMI.
Sunday, March 14, 2010
abseiling...
Abseiling (German: abseilen, "to rope down"), rappelling in American English,[1] is the controlled descent down a rope; climbers use this technique when a cliff or slope is too steep and/or dangerous to descend without protection. Abseiling is used chiefly in British English, while other Anglophone countries, except Australia and New Zealand, use different terms.
History
The origin of the abseil is attributed to Jean Estéril Charlet, a Chamonix guide who lived from 1840-1925. Charlet originally devised the technique of the abseil (or rappel) method of roping down during a failed solo attempt of Petit Dru in 1876. After many attempts, some of them solo, he managed to summit the Petit Dru in 1879 in the company of two other Chamonix guides, Prosper Payot and Frédéric Folliguet, whom he hired (a rather paradoxical move for a guide). During that ascent, Charlet perfected the abseil.
Equipment
Ropes: Climbers often simply use their climbing ropes for rappelling. For many other applications, low-stretch rope (typically ~2% stretch when under the load of a typical bodyweight) called static rope is used to reduce bouncing and to allow easier ascending of the rope.
Anchors for rappelling are sometimes made with trees or boulders, using webbing and cordellete, or also with rock climbing equipment, such as nuts, hexes and spring loaded camming devices. Some climbing areas have fixed anchors for rappelling.
A descender or rappel device is a friction device or friction hitch that allows rope to be paid out in a controlled fashion, under load, with a minimal effort by the person controlling it. The speed at which the rappeller descends is controlled by applying greater or lesser force on the rope below the device or altering the angle at which the rope exits the device. Descenders can be task-designed or improvised from other equipment. Mechanical descenders include braking bars, the figure eight, the abseil rack, the "bobbin" (and its self-locking variant the "stop"), the gold tail, and the "sky genie" used by some window-washers and wildfire firefighters. Some improvised descenders include the Munter hitch, a carabiner wrap, the basic crossed-carabiner brake and the piton bar brake (sometimes called the carabiner and piton). There is an older, more uncomfortable, method of wrapping the rope around one's body for friction instead of using a descender, as in the Dulfersitz or Geneva methods used by climbers in the 1960s.
A climbing harness is often used around the waist to secure the descender. A comfortable climbing harness is important for descents that may take many hours.
A prusik might be used as safety back-up.
Helmets are worn to protect the head from bumps and falling rocks. A light source may be mounted on the helmet in order to keep the hands free in unlit areas.
Gloves protect hands from the rope and from hits with the wall. They are mainly used by recreational abseilers, industrial access practitioners, adventure racers and military as opposed to climbers or mountaineers. In fact, they can increase the risk of accident by becoming caught in the descender in certain situations.
Boots or other sturdy footwear with good grips.
Knee-pads (and sometimes elbow-pads) are popular in some applications for the protection of joints during crawls or hits.
Application
Abseiling is used in a number of applications, including:
• Climbing, for returning to the base of a climb or to a point where one can try a new route.
• Recreational abseiling.
• Canyoning, where jumping waterfalls or cliffs may be too dangerous.
• Caving and Speleology, where underground pitches are accessed using this method (Single Rope Technique).
• Adventure racing, where events often include abseiling and other rope work.
• Industrial/Commercial applications, where abseiling techniques are used to access parts of structures or buildings so as to perform maintenance, cleaning or construction, e.g. steeplejacking, window cleaning, etc.)
• Access to wildfires.
• Confined spaces access, such as investigating ballast tanks and other areas of ships.
• Rescue applications, such as accessing injured people or accident sites (vehicle or aircraft) and extracting the casualty using abseiling techniques.
• (Military) Tactical heliborne insertion of troops and special forces into the battlefield close to the objective when proper landing zones are not available. More commonly used in urban warfare scenarios and is increasingly replaced by fast-roping. Typical examples include: insertion into urban environments, boarding (attack) of sea-going vessels and insertion of forces to seize and secure a landing zone in enemy territory (airhead assault).
Safety and Ecological Issues
Abseiling can be dangerous, and presents risks, especially to unsupervised or inexperienced abseilers. According to German mountaineer Pit Schubert, about 25% of climbing deaths occur during rappelling, most commonly due to failing anchors. Another frequent cause of accidents is abseiling beyond the end of the rope.
Abseiling is prohibited or discouraged in some areas, due to the potential for environmental damage and/or conflict with climbers heading upwards, or the danger to people on the ground.
History
The origin of the abseil is attributed to Jean Estéril Charlet, a Chamonix guide who lived from 1840-1925. Charlet originally devised the technique of the abseil (or rappel) method of roping down during a failed solo attempt of Petit Dru in 1876. After many attempts, some of them solo, he managed to summit the Petit Dru in 1879 in the company of two other Chamonix guides, Prosper Payot and Frédéric Folliguet, whom he hired (a rather paradoxical move for a guide). During that ascent, Charlet perfected the abseil.
Equipment
Ropes: Climbers often simply use their climbing ropes for rappelling. For many other applications, low-stretch rope (typically ~2% stretch when under the load of a typical bodyweight) called static rope is used to reduce bouncing and to allow easier ascending of the rope.
Anchors for rappelling are sometimes made with trees or boulders, using webbing and cordellete, or also with rock climbing equipment, such as nuts, hexes and spring loaded camming devices. Some climbing areas have fixed anchors for rappelling.
A descender or rappel device is a friction device or friction hitch that allows rope to be paid out in a controlled fashion, under load, with a minimal effort by the person controlling it. The speed at which the rappeller descends is controlled by applying greater or lesser force on the rope below the device or altering the angle at which the rope exits the device. Descenders can be task-designed or improvised from other equipment. Mechanical descenders include braking bars, the figure eight, the abseil rack, the "bobbin" (and its self-locking variant the "stop"), the gold tail, and the "sky genie" used by some window-washers and wildfire firefighters. Some improvised descenders include the Munter hitch, a carabiner wrap, the basic crossed-carabiner brake and the piton bar brake (sometimes called the carabiner and piton). There is an older, more uncomfortable, method of wrapping the rope around one's body for friction instead of using a descender, as in the Dulfersitz or Geneva methods used by climbers in the 1960s.
A climbing harness is often used around the waist to secure the descender. A comfortable climbing harness is important for descents that may take many hours.
A prusik might be used as safety back-up.
Helmets are worn to protect the head from bumps and falling rocks. A light source may be mounted on the helmet in order to keep the hands free in unlit areas.
Gloves protect hands from the rope and from hits with the wall. They are mainly used by recreational abseilers, industrial access practitioners, adventure racers and military as opposed to climbers or mountaineers. In fact, they can increase the risk of accident by becoming caught in the descender in certain situations.
Boots or other sturdy footwear with good grips.
Knee-pads (and sometimes elbow-pads) are popular in some applications for the protection of joints during crawls or hits.
Application
Abseiling is used in a number of applications, including:
• Climbing, for returning to the base of a climb or to a point where one can try a new route.
• Recreational abseiling.
• Canyoning, where jumping waterfalls or cliffs may be too dangerous.
• Caving and Speleology, where underground pitches are accessed using this method (Single Rope Technique).
• Adventure racing, where events often include abseiling and other rope work.
• Industrial/Commercial applications, where abseiling techniques are used to access parts of structures or buildings so as to perform maintenance, cleaning or construction, e.g. steeplejacking, window cleaning, etc.)
• Access to wildfires.
• Confined spaces access, such as investigating ballast tanks and other areas of ships.
• Rescue applications, such as accessing injured people or accident sites (vehicle or aircraft) and extracting the casualty using abseiling techniques.
• (Military) Tactical heliborne insertion of troops and special forces into the battlefield close to the objective when proper landing zones are not available. More commonly used in urban warfare scenarios and is increasingly replaced by fast-roping. Typical examples include: insertion into urban environments, boarding (attack) of sea-going vessels and insertion of forces to seize and secure a landing zone in enemy territory (airhead assault).
Safety and Ecological Issues
Abseiling can be dangerous, and presents risks, especially to unsupervised or inexperienced abseilers. According to German mountaineer Pit Schubert, about 25% of climbing deaths occur during rappelling, most commonly due to failing anchors. Another frequent cause of accidents is abseiling beyond the end of the rope.
Abseiling is prohibited or discouraged in some areas, due to the potential for environmental damage and/or conflict with climbers heading upwards, or the danger to people on the ground.
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Pretty Ugly - Diari Seorang Lelaki
Dari semalam ku tunggu
Fikir kau pulang ke pangkuanku
Ku dengarkan lagu cinta
Pilihan terbaik kita
Kumainkan CD berulang
Lupakan segala ucapan
Perpisahan yang kau pinta
Benar dikau ku cinta setiap detik ku puja
Kau sering perhatiku sambil belai rambutmu
Tak ingin aku lupa kenangan yang tercipta
Berikan aku diari ku tulis setiap hari
Terjaga dari tidurku terima panggilan
dari jauh
Katakan saja kau rindu
Setahun ku hilang arah
Ku tempahkan tiket sehala
Malam ini kitakan bertemu
Tunggu di bawah lampu
Bercinta bersatu bagai Adam dan Hawa
Bergaduh seksa buat kita sempurna
Janganlah dipendam luahkan perasaan
Tiada benci di hati itulah destinasi
Fikir kau pulang ke pangkuanku
Ku dengarkan lagu cinta
Pilihan terbaik kita
Kumainkan CD berulang
Lupakan segala ucapan
Perpisahan yang kau pinta
Benar dikau ku cinta setiap detik ku puja
Kau sering perhatiku sambil belai rambutmu
Tak ingin aku lupa kenangan yang tercipta
Berikan aku diari ku tulis setiap hari
Terjaga dari tidurku terima panggilan
dari jauh
Katakan saja kau rindu
Setahun ku hilang arah
Ku tempahkan tiket sehala
Malam ini kitakan bertemu
Tunggu di bawah lampu
Bercinta bersatu bagai Adam dan Hawa
Bergaduh seksa buat kita sempurna
Janganlah dipendam luahkan perasaan
Tiada benci di hati itulah destinasi
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
What is Outdoor Recreation??
Outdoor recreation activities have been defined as those activities that:
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